We’ve all heard the “experts” preach to us that we should only take trades which offer at least a 2:1, or better yet a 3:1 reward to risk ratio and on the surface this seems like sound advice, but is it really?
RETHINK YOUR STRATEGY
I used to be one of those educators who would jump on the risk/reward bandwagon until one day when I stepped back and took an objective look at what trading is and how I can best optimize my chances of success. When I did this I realized that not only was the whole risk/reward premise false but that it had the potential to ruin chances for trading success by keeping me out of some of the best trades.
YOUR WINNERS CAN RUN….IF YOU LET THEM
The proponents of risk/reward ratios say that in order to be successful the trade must out produce the amount of money you have at risk by at least double or triple your risk amount but what they fail to take into consideration is that the reward side of any trade is unknown.
WHAT YOU CONTROL
You see the only part of the trading equation that you have any control over is the risk side of the trade. The reward side of any trade is a complete mystery. Oh sure, we all have our best guesses as to where the market might go next, but in the end it’s really just a crap shoot. Sometimes we’re right and sometimes we’re wrong and if we’re honest with ourselves we will admit that we really don’t know where the market is going next. (more…)
Archives of “risk reward” tag
rssThree Questions for the End of the Trading Day
| 1) Did I trade well today? – Did I make good use of my preparation? Did I follow rules about position sizing and execution? Did I adapt well to shifts during the trading day? Was I patient in finding trades with good risk/reward characteristics? 2) What did I learn about myself today? – What about today’s trading can I bring to the next day to make myself better? How can I learn from what I did right and wrong today? What goals can I set for tomorrow to make sure that I carry over that learning? 3) What did I learn about markets today? – Did markets do what I expected? Are my views on markets any different based on today’s trade? What levels did I observe in today’s trade that can inform decision making tomorrow? What themes from today will I be tracking tomorrow? |
Robert Meier's Eleven Rules
1. Ask yourself what you really want. Many traders lose money because subconsciously their goal is entertainment, not profits.
2. Assume personal trade responsibility for all actions. A defining trait of top performing traders is their willingness to assume personal responsibility for all trading decisions.
3. Keep it simple and consistent. Most speculators follow too many indicators and listen to so many different opinions that they are overwhelmed into action. Few people realize that many of the greatest traders of all time never rely on more than two or three core indicators and never listen to the opinions of others.
4. Have realistic expectations. When expectations are too high, it results in overtrading underfinanced positions, and very high levels of greed and fear – making objective decision-making impossible.
5. Learn to wait. Most of the time for most speculators, it is best to be out of the markets, unless you are in an option selling (writing) program. Generally, the part-time speculator will only encounter six to ten clear-cut major opportunities a year. These are the type of trades that savvy professionals train themselves to wait for.
6. Clearly understand the risk / reward ratio. The consensus is that trades with a one to three or one to four risk / reward ration are sufficient.
7. Always check the big picture. Before making any trade, check it against weekly and monthly as well as daily range charts. Frequently, this extra step will identify major longer-term zones of support and resistance that are not apparent on daily charts and that substantially change the perceived risk / reward ratio. Point & figure charts are particularly valuable in identifying breakouts from big congestion / accumulation formations. (more…)
Random Walk?
This book almost convinced me that the markets are a random walk. I can’t really go into the details of why – you have to read it all before this impression begins to sink in. Compound this with the fact that all in all the economists of the world have said “we have no idea why the markets do what they do.” – Thats their conclusion.
So if they have no idea, what chance have I got? You may find within yourself some buried little impulse to “figure this thing out, once and for all.” – I know what thats like. You look at a chart, and you feel as though its on the tip of your tongue, just out of the minds reach if you will. You know that feeling? As if a thin veil could be lifted and you’d see the inner mechanics of it all. You won’t. Many have gone before you who tried, and still you don’t know where price will go next.
I think what happens is that if we make a certain call in one direction, and price happens to go in our direction, we say “I WAS RIGHT”… But we pay less emphasis when we were wrong. Its the old thing of when you want to buy a yellow VW you see them everywhere all of a sudden.
The impression left by the reading of this book doesn’t so much make me want to throw my hands in the air and give up, but rather it emphasizes the importance of things like risk/reward and high probability. Its not about being right or wrong. I also want to do some research into game theory, which is something that was touched on in the book. Its good how this subject constantly throws up new branches of learning.
Jack Schwager :Risk & Reward
“In one experiment, subjects were given a hypothetical choice between a sure $3,000 gain versus an 80 percent chance of a $4,000 gain and a 20 percent chance of not getting anything. The vast majority of people preferred the sure $3000 gain, even though the other alternative had a higher expected gain (0.80 X $4,000 = $3,200). Then they flipped the question around and gave people a choice between a certain loss of $3,000 versus an 80 percent chance of losing $4,000 and a 20 percent chance of not losing anything. In this case, the vast majority chose to gamble and take the 80 percent chance of a $4,000 loss, even though the expected loss would be $3,200.
In both cases, people made irrational choices because they selected the alternative with the worse expected gain or greater expected loss. Why? Because the experiment reflects a quirk in human behavior in regards to risk and gain: people are risk averse when it comes to gains, but risk takers when it comes to avoiding a loss. And this relates very much to trading. It is exactly the quirk in human psychology that causes people to let their losses run and cut their profits short. So the old cliché of let your profits run and cut your losses short is actually the exact opposite of what human nature tends to do.”
Over Trading
Overtrading is a major obstacle for profitability. People tend to overtrade when they don’t have a plan for the trading day/week.
If overtrading is a major issue for professional traders, lack of discipline is a major issue for developing traders. (more…)
3 Biases That Affect Your Trading
1) Gambler’s fallacy bias
People tend to believe that after a string of losses, a win is going to come next. Take for example that you are playing a game of coin tossing with a capital of $1000. You lost 3 bets in a row on heads and cost you $100 each bet. What will you bet next and how much would you stake?
It is likely you will continue to bet on heads and with a higher stake, say $300. You do not ‘believe’ that it can be tails consistently. People fail to realize coin tossing is random and past results do not affect future outcomes.
Traders must treat each trade independently and not be affected by past results. It is important that your trading system tells you how much to stake your capital which is also known as position sizing, so that the risk-reward ratio will be optimal.
2) Limit profits and enlarge losses bias
People tend to limit their profits and give more room to losses. Nobody likes the feeling of losing. Most investors tend to hold on to losses and hope their investments will turn around soon, and they will be happy if their holdings break even. However, chances are that they will amount to greater losses. On the other hand, if they are winning, most investors tend to take profits early as they fear their profits will be wiped out soon. Thereafter, they regretted that they didn’t hold a little longer (sounds familiar?).
One of the most important principle in trading is contrary to what most investors do – Traders have to LIMIT LOSSES and let PROFITS RUN. Losses are part and parcel of trading and hence, it is crucial to protect the capital from depleting too much – live to fight another day is the mantra for all traders. Large profits are thus required to cover the small losses – so do not limit profit runs.
3) I am right bias
Humans are egoistic in nature and we want to prove that we are right. High accuracy is not important in trading but making more money when you are right is. Remember what George Soros said, “It’s not whether you’re right or wrong that’s important, but how much money you make when you’re right and how much you lose when you’re wrong.”
Jim Rogers-I own the dollar.Will I own it in five years, ten years? I don't know.
Jim Rogers decries the growing uncertainty and recklessness of global central planners as the world enters unchartered financial markets:
For the first time in recorded history, we have nearly every central bank printing money and trying to debase their currency. This has never happened before. How it’s going to work out, I don’t know. It just depends on which one goes down the most and first, and they take turns. When one says a currency is going down, the question is against what? because they are all trying to debase themselves. It’s a peculiar time in world history.
I own the dollar, not because I have any confidence in the dollar and not because it’s sound – it’s a terribly flawed currency – but I expect more currency turmoil, more financial turmoil. During periods like that, people, for whatever reason, flee to the U.S. dollar as a safe haven. It is not a safe haven, but it is perceived that way by some people. That’s why the dollar is going up. That’s why I own it. Will I own it in five years, ten years? I don’t know.
It makes it extremely difficult for the investor looking for acceptable risk/reward, or the saver looking to protect their purchasing power; as in Rogers’ view, all options have their problems:
I own gold and silver and precious metals. I own all commodities, which is a better way to play as they debase currencies. I own more agriculture than just about anything else in real assets because of the reasons we discussed before. We were talking before about the risk-free or worry-free investment. Even gold: the Indian politicians are talking about coming down hard on gold, and India is the largest buyer of gold in the world. If Indian politicians do something — whether it’s foolish or not is irrelevant — if they do something, gold could go down a lot. So I own it. I’m not selling it. But everything has problems.
3 Biases That Affect Your Trading
Van K. Tharp mentioned there are 3 biases that will affect one’s trading:
1) Gambler’s fallacy bias
People tend to believe that after a string of losses, a win is going to come next. Take for example that you are playing a game of coin tossing with a capital of $1000. You lost 3 bets in a row on heads and cost you $100 each bet. What will you bet next and how much would you stake?
It is likely you will continue to bet on heads and with a higher stake, say $300. You do not ‘believe’ that it can be tails consistently. People fail to realize coin tossing is random and past results do not affect future outcomes.
Traders must treat each trade independently and not be affected by past results. It is important that your trading system tells you how much to stake your capital which is also known as position sizing, so that the risk-reward ratio will be optimal.
2) Limit profits and enlarge losses bias
People tend to limit their profits and give more room to losses. Nobody likes the feeling of losing. Most investors tend to hold on to losses and hope their investments will turn around soon, and they will be happy if their holdings break even. However, chances are that they will amount to greater losses. On the other hand, if they are winning, most investors tend to take profits early as they fear their profits will be wiped out soon. Thereafter, they regretted that they didn’t hold a little longer (sounds familiar?). (more…)
Technical Confirmations Explained
Confirmation is necessary to validate a break of important support and resistance levels such as price patterns, moving averages and trend lines. Technicians and traders define Confirmation in various ways. While market situations vary, below is a guideline of three forms of Confirmation:
- Percentage Confirmation: Confirmation is present when there is a 3% or greater break of a support or resistance level. Volume attached to the break, while not necessary, lends confidence to the confirmation. The 3% rule is commonly used by long term traders and investors. Short term traders use a lesser requirement to complement trading objectives, keeping risk/reward in line.
- Time Confirmation: If there are at least three closes above or below a resistance or support level, then confirmation exists. A close varies based on ones trading time frame. Again, volume attached to the break adds significance to the confirmation. (We always write Three Consecutive close +Weekly close must for major upmove or down move )
- Heavy Volume Confirmation: Volume confirmation presents when there is a substantial surge in volume relative to recent volume, combined with one close above or below a resistance or support level.
- Combination: If percentage and time confirmations fall short of the minimum requirement, yet are accompanied by substantial volume (e.g. 1.5% close above resistance with substantial volume), that could be accepted as confirmation.
Traders can use this guideline to develop their own requirements for confirmation as individual investment objectives and time frames vary.