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10 Most Common Behavioral Biases

  
  Education
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I offer my list of Investors’ 10 Most Common Behavioral Biases.  There are a number of others, of course, and more will continue to be uncovered.  But I think that these are the key ones.  Your suggestions of important ones I have missed are welcome.

  1. Confirmation Bias. We like to think that we carefully gather and evaluate facts and data before coming to a conclusion.  But we don’t. Instead, we tend to suffer from confirmation bias and thus reach a conclusion first.  Only thereafter do we gather facts and see those facts in such a way as to support our pre-conceived conclusions.  When a conclusion fits with our desired narrative, so much the better, because narratives are crucial to how we make sense of reality.
  2. Optimism Bias.  This is a well-established bias in which someone’s subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than their objective accuracy. Indeed, we live in an overconfident, Lake Wobegon world (“where all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking, and all the children are above average”).  We are only correct about 80% of the time when we are “99% sure.” Fully 94% of college professors believe they have above-average teaching skills (anyone who has gone to college will no doubt disagree with that). Since80% of drivers  say that their driving skills are above average, I guess none of them drive on the freeway when I do.  While 70% of high school students claim to have above-average leadership skills, only 2% say they are below average, no doubt taught by above average math teachers. In a truly terrifying survey result, 92% students said they were of good character and 79% said that their character was better than most people even though 27% of those same students admitted stealing from a store within the prior year and 60% said they had cheated on an exam. Venture capitalists are wildly overconfident in their estimations of how likely their potential ventures are either to succeed or fail. In a finding that pretty well sums things up, 85-90% of people think that the future will be more pleasant and less painful for them than for the average person.
  3. Loss Aversion. We are highly loss averse.  Empirical estimates find that losses are felt between two and two-and-a-half as strongly as gains.  Thus the disutility of losing $100 is at least twice the utility of gaining $100. Loss aversion favors inaction over action and the status quo over any alternatives. Therefore, when it comes time for us to act upon the facts and data we have gathered and the analysis we have undertaken about them, biases 2 and 3 – unjustified optimism and unreasonable risk aversion – conflict. As a consequence, we tend to make bold forecasts but timid choices.  (more…)

40 Gems for Traders and Investors

  
  Education
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  1. There are only three kinds of investors – those who think they are geniuses, those who think they are idiots, and those who aren’t sure.
  2. One of the clearest signals that you are wrong about an investment is having the hunch that you are right about it.
  3. Investors who focus on price levels earn between five and ten times higher profits than those who pay attention to price changes.
  4. The only way to be more certain it’s true is to search harder for proof that it is false.
  5. Business value changes over time, not all the time. Stocks are like weather, altering almost continually and without warning; businesses are like the climate, changing much more gradually and predictably.
  6. When rewards are near, the brain hates to wait.
  7. The market isn’t always right, but it’s right more often than it is wrong.
  8. Often, when we are asked to judge how likely things are, we instead judge how alike they are.
  9. Most of what seem to be patterns in stock prices are just random variations.
  10. In a rising market, enough of your bad ideas will pay off so that you’ll never learn that you should have fewer ideas. (more…)

An Ironic Trick for Trading Better

  
  Education
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Everyone knows what they /SHOULD/ do… and everyone has trouble doing it. Why? Lots of reasons –

Market ambiguity compels you to make impulsive judgments … . Not enough sleep… . I can go on and on and on… and talk to you about your emotional architectures and using emotion analytics to better manage your risk as well as better deduce opportunity.

But here is a little “emotion analytics” trick –

Ask yourself – as you are contemplating entering or exiting a position “How will I feel if…. ?” … and then play out the scenarios, #1) the trade continues in my direction, #2) it pulls back and takes away some of my money, #3) it ….

By putting yourself into your potential future emotional contexts, you can make better “risk” judgments in the here and now.

(And oh yes, I know to some of you this sounds absurd…that is OK. Everyone that I have taught to do it, makes more money than when they just tried to use so-called discipline to intellectually overpower their desires to get in or out or… in and out … or ….)

Think Less & Keep It Simple

  
  Education
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Every once in awhile I read something from another trader who I respect that I really wish I wrote myself. Here’s one such example:

 “One of the most difficult things to get investors and traders to understand is that no matter how much they investigate an investment, they will probably do better if they did less. This is certainly counter-intuitive, but the way that our brains function almost guarantees that this will happen. This kind of failure also happens to those investors frequently regarded as the smartest. In essence, the more information that investors have, the more opportunity that they have to choose the misinformation that suits their emotional purposes.

 

Speculation is observation, pure and experiential. Thinking isn’t necessary and often just gets in the way. Yet everywhere we turn, we read and hear opinion after opinion and explanation on top of explanation which claim to connect the dots between economic cause and market effect. Most of the marketplace is long on rationale and explanation and short on methods. (more…)

The 'Self-Factors' of Successful traders

  
  Education
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  •  – Knowledge of oneself and how one acts and behaves in situations and environments.
  • Self-Belief; – Self-Confidence – assuredness in one’s actions, judgments and abilities.
  • Self-Trust; -The ability to have faith in oneself under duress and pressure.
  • Self-Reliance; – Ability to depend on one’s own capabilities, judgment, and resources , and acceptance that nobody else is responsible for profits and losses.
  • Self-discipline; – A structured approach that keeps a person focused and grounded against negative forces and pressures.
  • Self-Control; – Is the ability of exert mind muscle and will-power to overcome the negative effects which can so easily distract and distort perceptions and judgments.
  • Self-Motivation; – Describes the initiative to undertake risks and activities when the mood and environment have been counterproductive.
  • Self-Esteem; – High regard, respect or value for one’s self, but not to the level of being conceited, or having an over-inflated opinion of their worth.
  • Self-efficacy; – Belief in one’s own competency and ability.

In summary, successful traders take responsibility for their own actions, but rarely beat themselves up. – If I was to sum it up succinctly, they know themselves, they like themselves, they believe in themselves, and above all – ‘they are comfortable in their own skin’.  (more…)

Wisdom From Jason Zweig

  
  Education
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  1. There are only three kinds of investors – those who think they are geniuses, those who think they are idiots, and those who aren’t sure.

  2. One of the clearest signals that you are wrong about an investment is having the hunch that you are right about it.
  3. Investors who focus on price levels earn between five and ten times higher profits than those who pay attention to price changes.
  4. The only way to be more certain it’s true is to search harder for proof that it is false.
  5. Business value changes over time, not all the time. Stocks are like weather, altering almost continually and without warning; businesses are like the climate, changing much more gradually and predictably.
  6. When rewards are near, the brain hates to wait.
  7. The market isn’t always right, but it’s right more often than it is wrong.
  8. Often, when we are asked to judge how likely things are, we instead judge how alike they are.
  9. Most of what seem to be patterns in stock prices are just random variations.
  10. In a rising market, enough of your bad ideas will pay off so that you’ll never learn that you should have fewer ideas.
  11. The more often people watch an investment heave up and down, the more likely they are to trade in and out over the short term – and the less likely they are to earn a high return over the long term.
  12. Investing is not you versus “Them”. It’s you versus you.
  13. The single greatest challenge you face as an investor is handling the truth about yourself.
  14. Hindsight bias keeps you from feeling like an idiot as you look back – but it can make you act like an idiot as you look forward.
  15. Ignorance of our own ignorance haunts our financial judgments. (more…)

Revolutionary Trading Psychology

  
  Education
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Everyone thinks the market is a game of numbers. We use complex models, umpteen oscillators or retracement calculations and even a fundamental analysis of supply and demand – all based in numbers and about numbers.

But in reality, the numbers of the market are but an illusion.

Markets are only the vacillating prices that other human beings, using the same mathematically based tools, are willing to pay. For example, what can be expensive one day can be very cheap the next if a trend has ensued.

It is only a matter of perspective. And perspective is a matter of the judgments you make.

Judgments on the other hand will be influenced by both impulsive feelings and by intuitive feelings – or pattern recognition. The trick is to have all the data on the table so you can tell the difference.

In order to do this, us market participants need to do a couple of things – give up the notion of a iron-clad trading plan based purely on historical probabilities and replace it with a trading plan based on historical probabilities (yes you read that right) AND a systematic way to leverage your judgment under uncertainty. This way you can make a decision about factors that may now be in play for the future probabilities. I mean who thought the VIX could stay over 30 for 6 months? … I am just askin.

Now in order to do this successfully, you have got to learn to optimize your judgments – which means spending more time focused on deciphering and understanding them than you spend on deciphering and understanding the charts.

This is revolutionary trading psychology – and it works.

Think Less & Keep It Simple

  
  Education
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“One of the most difficult things to get investors and traders to understand is that no matter how much they investigate an investment, they will probably do better if they did less. This is certainly counter-intuitive, but the way that our brains function almost guarantees that this will happen. This kind of failure also happens to those investors frequently regarded as the smartest. In essence, the more information that investors have, the more opportunity that they have to choose the misinformation that suits their emotional purposes.

 Speculation is observation, pure and experiential. Thinking isn’t necessary and often just gets in the way. Yet everywhere we turn, we read and hear opinion after opinion and explanation on top of explanation which claim to connect the dots between economic cause and market effect. Most of the marketplace is long on rationale and explanation and short on methods.

A series of experiments to examine the mental processes of doctors who were diagnosing illnesses found little relationship between the thoroughness of data collection and accuracy of the resulting diagnosis. Another study was done with psychologists and patient information and diagnosis. Again, increasing knowledge yielded no better results but did significantly increase confidence, something which the smartest among us are most prone to have in abundance. Unfortunately, in the markets, only the humble survive.

The inference is clear and important. Experienced analysts have an imperfect understanding of what information they actually use in making judgments. They are unaware of the extent to which their judgments are determined by just a few dominant factors, rather than by the systematic integration of all of their available information. Analysts use much less available information than they think they do.

Think Less & Keep It Simple

  
  Education
#  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  #

“One of the most difficult things to get investors and traders to understand is that no matter how much they investigate an investment, they will probably do better if they did less. This is certainly counter-intuitive, but the way that our brains function almost guarantees that this will happen. This kind of failure also happens to those investors frequently regarded as the smartest. In essence, the more information that investors have, the more opportunity that they have to choose the misinformation that suits their emotional purposes.

 Speculation is observation, pure and experiential. Thinking isn’t necessary and often just gets in the way. Yet everywhere we turn, we read and hear opinion after opinion and explanation on top of explanation which claim to connect the dots between economic cause and market effect. Most of the marketplace is long on rationale and explanation and short on methods.

A series of experiments to examine the mental processes of doctors who were diagnosing illnesses found little relationship between the thoroughness of data collection and accuracy of the resulting diagnosis. Another study was done with psychologists and patient information and diagnosis. Again, increasing knowledge yielded no better results but did significantly increase confidence, something which the smartest among us are most prone to have in abundance. Unfortunately, in the markets, only the humble survive.

The inference is clear and important. Experienced analysts have an imperfect understanding of what information they actually use in making judgments. They are unaware of the extent to which their judgments are determined by just a few dominant factors, rather than by the systematic integration of all of their available information. Analysts use much less available information than they think they do.

Why do only 5% of the traders who day-trade end up successful?

  
  Education
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5percentTwo reasons – #1) Many just want an indicator that is going to reveal the market to them and it is too competitive for that to work.

#2) The vast majority don’t approach the challenge in a way that will work. To a large degree, this isn’t the trader’s fault because most do what they have been taught by scores of “experts”.

Here is what will work. Guaranteed.

1. Never forget that the only thing you want to do is predict that others will buy higher or sell lower in your timeframe.

2. Settle on a strategy (and set of tactics) that suits your personality and thinking patterns.

3. Plan to use your judgment in the midst of making decision and entering trades! You are not a robot and you will never become one. Your brain is going to kick-in with its built-in facility for decision making in uncertain situations. In other words, you won’t be able to stop it from making judgments and compelling you to act so… work with it.

4. Learn to optimize that judgment through simplicity, practice, keeping records and knowing your feelings and emotions.

5. Manage your Psychological Capital (Mental Energy) more carefully than you manage your trades.

The money will follow. Your brain will work, your pattern recognition will work and your plan (a realistic one) will indeed be realized.

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