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5 Principles of Trading Psychology

  
  Education
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Trading is a performance activity
Like the playing of a concert instrument or the playing of a sport, trading entails the application of knowledge and skills to real time performances and this is the core idea behind my most recent book.  Success at trading, as with other performances, depends upon a developmental process in which intensive, structured practice and experience over an extended time yield competence and expertise. Many trading problems are attributable to attempts to succeed at trading prior to undergoing this learning process. My research suggests that professional traders account for well over three-quarters of all share and futures contract volume. It is impossible to sustain success against these professionals without honing one’s performance–and by making sure that you don’t lose your capital in the learning process. Confidence in one’s trading comes from the mastery conferred by one’s learning and development, not from psychological exercises or insights.

2: Success in trading is a function of talents and skills
Trading, in this sense, is no different from chess, Olympic events, or acting. Inborn abilities (talents) and developed competencies (skills) determine one’s level of success. From rock bands to ballet dancers and golfers, only a small percentage of participants in any performance activity are good enough to sustain a living from their performances. The key to success is finding a seamless fit between one’s talents/skills and the specific opportunities available in a performance field. For traders, this means finding a superior fit between your abilities and the specific markets and strategies you will be trading. Many performance problems are the result of a suboptimal fit between what the trader is good at and how the trader is trading. (more…)

What is the Purpose of Trading?

  
  Education
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It seems clear, doesn’t it? The purpose of trading is to make money. The trade is planned, entered, and exited with the goal of increasing the size of one’s trading account. What other purpose would there be?

The dictionary says this about purpose:

“something set up as an object or end to be attained : intention b: resolution, determination”

What about:

The purpose of trading is to not lose money.
The purpose of trading is to practice discipline.
The purpose of trading is to use my talents.
The purpose of trading is to grow.

Or how about:

The purpose of trading is to express my true nature. I was meant to be a trader.

Maybe the purpose of trading is simply to trade. Because that is what you have been called to do, or what you are meant to do, or it’s the highest expression of your nature as a producer rather than a consumer. When you trade successfully, you are disciplined, you are growing, you are using and developing your talents, you are making money, and you are creating wealth from scratch. But most of all, you are trading because it’s the right thing to do for you.

Trading in the Footsteps of Sherlock Holmes- Book Review

  
Analysis, Education
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Some books are too clever by half. Anthony Trongone’s Trading in the Footsteps of Sherlock Holmes: Balancing Probabilities for Successful Investing (W & A Publishing/Traders Press, 2010) is one of them. The idea—to encourage traders to adopt an analytical mindset and achieve emotional discipline by relying heavily on quotations from Sherlock Holmes novels and stories—sounded promising, even fun. And fun is a rare commodity in trading books. Although the book started off well, as it progressed Holmes became a less and less useful coach and analogies from detecting to trading became increasingly strained. It’s hard, for instance, to invoke Holmes in a discussion of order types.

But why waste a post emphasizing the negative when there are so many passages that will undoubtedly delight traders who are fans of Sherlock Holmes? Herewith a very limited sampling. (more…)

Learning to Trade from a Legend-Victor Niederhoffer

  
  Education
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Study horse racing books. The odds against winning at a parimutuel racetrack are overwhelming. Yet some touts have systems that produce a profit (against all odds). Can you apply any of these horse racing principles to your trading?

• Write down trading prices (by hand). There were a ton of computers in Victor’s trading room. Yet Victor made me do price analysis by hand. He felt there was enormous virtue about getting close and comfortable with trading figures.

• All markets are related. Learn what a move in bonds does to gold. And to S&P futures or the Japanese yen. Don’t trade markets in isolation

• Only make a trade when the odds are at least 60% in your favor.

• Don’t take losses to heart. I lost $20,000 on a Friday, the first day I traded real money for Victor. I wiped out my trading account. After stewing over my losses all weekend, I offered to resign and refund my losses. Victor refused my resignation and put $20,000 back in my trading account.

• Don’t take wins to heart. I remember making a lot of money following (I thought) Victor’s instructions while he was away. When Victor returned, he was not impressed by the fact the firm made money. He told me that I had traded erroneously and was lucky to have survived my trades.

• Be a mentor. Victor was generous with his time and advice. Despite the fact that several employees exploited his generosity, Victor continued to help new traders.

•  Get out when the trade is over. All trades have a beginning and end (based on time and price). Get out whether you’re winning or losing when the time or price has been met.

• Write down your moves. Learn from your mistakes.

• Learn concentration and game strategy from champions in other disciplines (such as ping-pong and checkers).

The Hidden Variable in Your Trading Success

  
  Education
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Most traders realize that trading involves a lot of psychology. And most traders readily admit that a significant portion of their trading losses, or lack of performance, is due to “psychology”.  Although the term ‘psychology’ isn’t always mentioned as an explanation, you can see it easily enough in the following statements ……”I froze just as I was about to pull the trigger”….. ”I hesitated and missed that trade and was so pissed that I got myself into an impulse trade right after”…..  “That large loss was not what I wanted, I held it thinking it would come back because last time I bailed out of this type of trade I got stopped out right before it reversed”….. “I was really nervous about losing money again so I got out of my winning trade way before my target”

Those are four common examples of trading psychology issues manifesting in one’s trading.  Do you recognize yourself in the above statements?

All four of those statements have in common one thing, fear. Whether it’s the fear of not being perfect, the fear of being wrong, fear of losing money, fear of missing out, the fear of not being approved by others, or some other fear, the common theme is fear.  Most trading mistakes are a maladaptive attempt to deal with fear or anxiety. (more…)

Gann's trading rules

  
  Education
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  • Never risk more than 10% of your trading capital in a single trade.
  • Always use stop-loss orders.
  • Never overtrade.
  • Never let a profit run into a loss.
  • Don ‘t enter a trade if you are unsure of the trend. Never buck the trend.
  • When in doubt, get out, and don’t get in when in doubt.
  • Only trade active markets.
  • Distribute your risk equally among different markets.
  • Never limit your orders. Trade at the market.
  • Don’t close trades without a good reason.
  • Extra monies from successful trades should be placed in a separate account.
  • Never trade to scalp a profit.
  • Never average a loss.
  • Never get out of the market because you have lost patience or get in because you are anxious from waiting.
  • Avoid taking small profits and large losses.
  • Never cancel a stop loss after you have placed the trade.
  • Avoid getting in and out of the market too often.
  • Be willing to make money from both sides of the market.
  • Never buy or sell just because the price is low or high.
  • Pyramiding should be accomplished once it has crossed resistance levels and broken zones of distribution.
  • Pyramid issues that have a strong trend.
  • Never hedge a losing position.
  • Never change your position without a good reason.
  • Avoid trading after long periods of success or failure.
  • Don’t try to guess tops or bottoms.
  • Don’t follow a blind man’s advice.
  • Reduce trading after the first loss; never increase.
  • Avoid getting in wrong and out wrong; or getting in right and out wrong. This is making a double mistake.

Three Principles of Trading Psychology

  
  Education
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Principle #1: Trading is a performance activity – Like the playing of a concert instrument or the playing of a sport, trading entails the application of knowledge and skills to real time performances. Success at trading, as with other performances, depends upon a developmental process in which intensive, structured practice and experience over an extended time yield competence and expertise. Many trading problems are attributable to attempts to succeed at trading prior to undergoing this learning process. My research suggests that professional traders account for well over three-quarters of all share and futures contract volume. It is impossible to sustain success against these professionals without honing one’s performance–and by making sure that you don’t lose your capital in the learning process. Confidence in one’s trading comes from the mastery conferred by one’s learning and development, not from psychological exercises or insights.
 
Principle #2: Success in trading is a function of talents and skills – Trading, in this sense, is no different from chess, Olympic events, or acting. Inborn abilities (talents) and developed competencies (skills) determine one’s level of success. From rock bands to ballet dancers and golfers, only a small percentage of participants in any performance activity are good enough to sustain a living from their performances. The key to success is finding a seamless fit between one’s talents/skills and the specific opportunities available in a performance field. For traders, this means finding a superior fit between your abilities and the specific markets and strategies you will be trading. Many performance problems are the result of a suboptimal fit between what the trader is good at and how the trader is trading.
 
The core skill of trading is pattern recognition – Whether the trader is visually inspecting charts or analyzing signals statistically, pattern recognition lies at the heart of trading. The trader is trying to identify shifts in demand and supply in real time and is responding to patterns that are indicative of such shifts. Most of the different approaches to trading–technical and fundamental analysis, cycles, econometrics, quantitative historical analysis, Market Profile–are simply methods for conceptualizing patterns at different time frames. Traders will benefit most from those methods that fit well with their cognitive styles and strengths. A person adept at visual processing, with superior visual memory, might benefit from the use of charts in framing patterns. Someone who is highly analytical might benefit from statistical studies and mechanical signals. 

Focus on Being

  
  Education
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The one thing that is at the core of every person’s trading, no matter what tools are utilized, is a human being. The Professional Traders recognize that being is the start of the entire process, who they are as people, as traders. By focusing on yourself first and then on the rest, you address the core of your trading business. Just like every sports team looks up to its coach for direction or like a company looking up to its CEO for direction the results of your trading all begin and end with you as you are the captain of your own ship. It is you, the human being, making all the decisions about trading like what to trade, when to trade, what resources to use, what strategy to use, the knowledge you will acquire, who to listen to and so on. Professional Traders develop and maintain a very high quality of being. Being is more important than doing. If you are fatigued or stressed, your judgment can be impaired. If you are naive or ignorant you are more likely going to make mistakes. If you are anxious or scared you will not be able to think clearly as you would when relaxed. If you are emotional in trading you will see losses in your account. No matter what you do if you are not at 100% of what you should be you will not the results you wish for. (more…)

Why Traders Lose Their Discipline

  
  Education
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  • Environmental distractions and boredom cause a lack of focus – All of us have limits to our attention span and these are easily taxed during quiet times in the market;
  • Fatigue and mental overload create a loss of concentration – The demands of watching the screen hour after hour make it difficult to be sharp, creating fatigue effects that are well-known to pilots, car drivers, and soldiers;
  • Overconfidence follows a string of successes – It is common for traders to attribute success to skill and failure to situational, external factors.  As a result, a string of even random wins can lead traders to become overconfident and veer from trading plans–especially by trading too frequently and/or trading excessive size; (more…)

“Top 15 Reasons Traders Lose Their Discipline”

  
  Education
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Losing discipline is not a trading problem; it is the common result of a number of trading-related problems. Here are the most common sources of loss of discipline, culled from my work with traders:

15)Lack of discipline includes several lesser items.’ i.e., impatience, need for action, etc. Also, many traders are unable to take a loss and to take that loss quickly.

14)Emotion makes many traders hold a loser too long. Many traders don’t discipline themselves to take small losses and big gains.

13)Often traders have bad timing, and not enough capital to survive the shake out.

12) Many traders can’t (or don’t) take the small losses. They often stick with a loser until it really hurts, then take the larger loss. This is an undisciplined approach. A trader needs to develop and stick to a system.

11)Lack of experience in the market causes many traders to become emotionally and/or financially committed to one trade, and unwilling or unable to take a loss. They may be unable to admit they have made a mistake, or they look at the market on too short a time frame.

10) Environmental distractions and boredom cause a lack of focus;

9) Fatigue and mental overload create a loss of concentration;

8) Overconfidence follows a string of successes;

7) Unwillingness to accept losses, leading to alterations of trade plans after the trade has gone into the red;

6) Loss of confidence in one’s trading plan/strategy because it has not been adequately tested and battle-tested;

5) Personality traits that lead to impulsivity and low frustration tolerance in stressful situations;

4) Situational performance pressures, such as trading slumps and increased personal expenses, that change how traders trade (putting P/L ahead of making good trades);

3) Trading positions that are excessive for the account size, created exaggerated P/L swings and emotional reactions;

2) Not having a clearly defined trading plan/strategy in the first place;

1) Trading a time frame, style, or market that does not match your talents, skills, risk tolerance, and personality.

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