Archives of “Cognition” tag

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What U Can Learn From Occam’s Razor About TRADING

  
  Education
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I have seen too many traders that randomly add condition after condition to their trading strategy, hoping that it will increase their hitrate. What they are trying to do is to add assumption after assumption to their hypothesis, until their hypothesis (“price will move in to this or that direction for this or that amount”) is hopefully correct more often than not.

Going this way usually ends in paralysis through analysis or in total chaos because there are so many conditions when entering a trade that it is impossible for a human brain to follow the system, thus inducing mistakes.

 Enter: Occam’s Razor

Occam was one of those scholastic philosophers, living around 1300 A.D. He developed a principle called Occam’s Razor which states that “among competing hypotheses that predict equally well, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. Other, more complicated solutions may ultimately prove to provide better predictions, but—in the absence of differences in predictive ability—the fewer assumptions that are made, the better.” But Occam was not the first, even Aristotle, who was living a mere 2000 years ago, theorized about this concept.

Now the thing is that of course when you add or remove certain conditions to your trading strategy, the predictive ability of your strategy will vary thus rendering Occam’s Razor seemingly invalid. Seemingly. Because trading is a game of incomplete information, we can never exactly know the predictive ability of a model.

Even after testing thoroughly, we will always only get an estimate (our winrate). Because of this fact you should base your trading strategy on as few assumptions as possible. (more…)

In Trading :Money is the score card, but the performance engine is love of the game.

  
  Education
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One of the great challenges of trading is that it requires intense and singular concentration on markets, but also an equal focus on one’s performance in those markets.  That combination of market awareness and self-awareness enables traders to make the most of their “edges” in markets while also cultivating fresh sources of edge.
It is interesting that very successful traders usually don’t achieve monetary success and then walk away from markets.  That is because what drives them is not just the outcome, but also the process:  the ongoing challenges of market mastery and self-mastery.  Even after the money has been made, the game retains its appeal.
If your motivation is primarily to make money, you probably won’t get to the point of career success, because the inevitable periods of drawdown will sap whatever drive is present.  When the motivation is mastery, losing periods provide fuel for reflection, learning, and improvement.  

The Wisdom Of Simplicity

  
  Education
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“The art of art, the glory of expression and the sunshine of the light of letters, is simplicity.” ~ Walt Whitman

Life is simple; we only make it complex. We spend our lives unconsciously covering our authenticity with outer identity until at some point we begin wondering “where everything went wrong.” But the tragedy for many people is that the wondering never begins and life’s simple beauty is not rediscovered.

I use the word “rediscovered” because you already know that life can be simple because you experienced it as a child. If you are normal, you spent much of your life since then trying to become something other than yourself. But normal is not healthy; success in the unreal world means failure in the real one.

The power and virtue of simplicity is a universal truth; it’s wisdom applies to all areas of life. What are some ways you can declutter, simplify and return to your authentic Self? Here are a few ideas that can help.

  • Instead of finding new things to add to your life, find things to remove.
  • If you want to increase income, decrease expenses.
  • Do less thinking and do more wondering.
  • Turn down the noise.
  • Go to the woods.
  • Listen to a child. (more…)

Philosophical speculation

  
  Education
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I used to do a lot of philosophical speculation as a young man. I wasted a large part of my youth regurgitating certain ideas. Then I discovered that one can learn a great deal more through action than through contemplation. So I became an active thinker where my thinking played an important role in deciding what actions to take and my actions play an important role in improving my thinking. This two-way interaction between thinking and action became the hallmark of my philosophy and the hallmark of my life. – George Soros

speculation

Bullshit Baffles Brains

  
Analysis, Education
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Bullshit baffles brains. It’s that simple. …When you talk bullshit, it’s like you’ve thrown a baseball at someone – it is up to them to consider what you’ve said, ie. to catch the ball. It is up to them to understand or respond what you’ve said. If your words are made up of some big meaningless words which take your audience time to understand, then you’ve achieved your goal. Most people, who do not want to appear foolish, will happily nod and agree with you just to be seen that they’ve understood to avoid embarrassment. A bit of practice of talking crap and train yourself to reinforce people’s agreement by your own body language (like holding eye contact and gently nodding) will grant you a even more positive response. Of course, the voice level and everything will all come into play. Basically – sound convincing. Like so many other researches have found, actual words are a small part of communication. The body language, appearance, way of talking, etc all form a part of the overall communication process. The paced, non repetitive, confusing but yet convincing words are simply window dressing.

An excerpt I love:

5 Qualities essential to the equipment of the speculator

  
  Education
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  1. Self-Reliance. A man must think for himself, must follow his own convictions. George MacDonald says: “A man cannot have another man’s ideas any more than he can another man’s soul or another man’s body.” Self-trust is the foundation of successful effort.
  2. Judgment. That equipoise, that nice adjustment of the faculties one to the other, which is called good judgment, is an essential to the speculator.
  3. Courage. That is, confidence to act on the decisions of the mind. In speculation there is value in Mirabeau’s dictum: “Be bold, still be bold; always be bold.”
  4. Prudence. The power of measuring the danger, together with a certain alertness and watchfulness, is very important. There should be a balance of these two, Prudence and Courage; Prudence in contemplation, Courage in execution. Lord Bacon says: “In meditation all dangers should be seen; in execution one, unless very formidable.” Connected with these qualities, properly an outgrowth of them, is a third, viz: promptness. The mind convinced, the act should follow. In the words of Macbeth; “Henceforth the very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand.” Think, act, promptly.
  5. Pliability the ability to change an opinion, the power of revision. “He who observes,” says Emerson, “and observes again, is always formidable.”

A Study in the Psychology of Gambling- Written in Year 1873

  
  Education
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In a 1873 letter to The Spectator entitled “A Study in the Psychology of Gambling” Saxon-les-Bains describes his gambling experience in Monte Carlo.

And what was my experience?  This chiefly, that I was distinctly conscious of partially attributing to some defect of stupidity in my own mind, every venture on an issue that proved a failure; that I groped about within me something in me like an anticipation or warning (which of course was not to be found) of what the next event was to be, and generally hit upon some vague impulse in my own mind which determined me: that when I succeeded I raked up my gains, with a half impression that I had been a clever fellow, and had made a judicious stake, just as if I had really moved skillfully as in chess; and that when I failed, I thought to myself, ‘Ah, I knew all the time I was going wrong in selecting that number, and yet I was fool enough to stick to it,’ which was, of course, a pure illusion, for all that I did know the chance was even, or much more than even, against me.  But this illusion followed me throughout.  I had a sense of deserving success when I succeeded, or of having failed through my own willfulness, or wrong-headed caprice, when I failed.  When, as not infrequently happened, I put a coin on the corner between four numbers, receiving eight times my stake, if any of the four numbers turned up, I was conscious of an honest glow of self-applause…

Evidently, in spite of the clearest understanding of the chances of the game, the moral fallacy which attributes luck or ill luck to something of capacity and deficiency in the individual player, must be profoundly ingrained in us.   I am convinced that the shadow of merit and demerit is thrown by the mind over multitudes of actions which have no possibility of wisdom or folly in them, granted, of course, the folly in gambling at all, as in the selection of the particular chance on which you win or lose.  When you win at one time and lose at another, the mind is almost unable to realize that there was no reason accessible to yourself why you won and why you lost.  And so you invent what you know perfectly well to be a fiction, the conception of some sort of inward divining rod which guided you right, when you used it properly, and failed only because you did not attend ‘adequately to its indications.’

(more…)

Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me)-Book Review

  
  Education
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MISTAKES-WERE MADEOne of the best things I came across this  past week was this terrific review by  Morgan Housel where he shared insights  from the book “Mistakes Were Made (But  Bot By Me)” by Elliot Aronson and Carol  Tavris. Several members have  recommended this book to me so I was  very interested to read his review.
According to Mr. Housel, this are the six  most important things all of us should  learn from this book, many of which are  very important to investors and traders alike:

1. Everyone wants to be right and hates admitting the  possibility of being wrong.As fallible human beings, all of us share the impulse to justify  ourselves and avoid taking responsibility for any actions that turn
out to be harmful, immoral, or stupid. Most of us will never be in a  position to make decisions affecting the lives and deaths of  millions of people, but whether the consequences of our mistakes  are trivial or tragic, on a small scale or a national canvas, most of  us find it difficult, if not impossible, to say, “I was wrong; I made a  terrible mistake.”
The higher the stakes — emotional, financial, moral — the greater the difficulty. It goes further than that: Most people, when directly  confronted by evidence that they are wrong, do not change their  point of view or course of action but justify it even more tenaciously. Even irrefutable evidence is rarely enough to pierce  the mental armor of self-justification.

2. You brain is designed to shut out conflicting information.In a study of people who were being monitored by magnetic  resonance imaging (MRI) while they were trying to process  dissonant or consonant information about George Bush or John Kerry, Drew Westen and his colleagues found that the reasoning  areas of the brain virtually shut down when participants were  confronted with dissonant information, and the emotion circuits of
the brain lit up happily when consonance was restored. These mechanisms provide a neurological basis for the observation that  once our minds are made up, it is hard to change them. (more…)

5-Qualities essential to the equipment of the speculator

  
  Education
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  1. Self-Reliance. A man must think for himself, must follow his own convictions. George MacDonald says: “A man cannot have another man’s ideas any more than he can another man’s soul or another man’s body.” Self-trust is the foundation of successful effort.
  2. Judgment. That equipoise, that nice adjustment of the faculties one to the other, which is called good judgment, is an essential to the speculator.
  3. Courage. That is, confidence to act on the decisions of the mind. In speculation there is value in Mirabeau’s dictum: “Be bold, still be bold; always be bold.”
  4. Prudence. The power of measuring the danger, together with a certain alertness and watchfulness, is very important. There should be a balance of these two, Prudence and Courage; Prudence in contemplation, Courage in execution. Lord Bacon says: “In meditation all dangers should be seen; in execution one, unless very formidable.” Connected with these qualities, properly an outgrowth of them, is a third, viz: promptness. The mind convinced, the act should follow. In the words of Macbeth; “Henceforth the very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand.” Think, act, promptly.
  5. Pliability the ability to change an opinion, the power of revision. “He who observes,” says Emerson, “and observes again, is always formidable.”

10 Behavioral Economics/Psychology Books for Investors

  
Analysis, Education
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As a species, we are notoriously bad at understanding our own thinking and emotions. We are even worse at predicting our own behavior. Understanding your own mind and those of your fellow investors is crucial to successful investing.
These books will go a long way to helping you understand your hardwired weaknesses and blind spots.
 
1. How We Know What Isn’t So by Thomas Gilovich
Thomas Gilovich: How We Know What Isn't So
Published in 1991, this was the very first behavioral finance book I ever read — it is also one of the most influential investing books you will ever read. So many of our own foibles are detailed here that it is almost embarrassing. Everything from unsuspected biases to how we engage in critical reasoning comes under scrutiny. What it reveals isn’t pretty. Despite the genius that is human achievement, it turns out that we are all very poor at comprehending complex data and analyzing risk.
This book will help you understand how your brain processes randomness; overlooks evidence that is inapposite to prior beliefs; selectively perceives and reinterprets data; and engages in selective recall. It’s how we all create an artificial story line to help make sense of otherwise incomprehensible data.
Once you finish this book, you will never look at investing the same way.
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2.  Thinking, Fast and Slow (Daniel Kahneman)

Daniel Kahneman, a Psychologist, won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences with Amos Tversky for their seminal work in behavioral finance. The two challenged the idea of Homo Economicus and the rational model of judgment and decision making.
Thinking, Fast and Slow  looks at the two systems of Human Cognition: System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The book exposes the extraordinary capabilities along with the faults and biases of our wetware. This book will transform the way you think about thinking.
The most recent and comprehensive book from a giant in the field.

(more…)

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