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The Hidden Variable in Your Trading Success

  
  Education
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Most traders realize that trading involves a lot of psychology. And most traders readily admit that a significant portion of their trading losses, or lack of performance, is due to “psychology”. Although the term ‘psychology’ isn’t always mentioned as an explanation, you can see it easily enough in the following statements ……”I froze just as I was about to pull the trigger”….. ”I hesitated and missed that trade and was so pissed that I got myself into an impulse trade right after”….. “That large loss was not what I wanted, I held it thinking it would come back because last time I bailed out of this type of trade I got stopped out right before it reversed”….. “I was really nervous about losing money again so I got out of my winning trade way before my target”

Those are four common examples of trading psychology issues manifesting in one’s trading. Do you recognize yourself in the above statements?

All four of those statements have in common one thing, fear. Whether it’s the fear of not being perfect, the fear of being wrong, fear of losing money, fear of missing out, the fear of not being approved by others, or some other fear, the common theme is fear. Most trading mistakes are a maladaptive attempt to deal with fear or anxiety.

Emotions like fear and anxiety cannot be eliminated; it is part of the human experience. But how you respond (your behavior, the action you take in response) to anxiety and fear will determine how successful you are as a trader. Some traders recognize this and do something about it; they learn to work with the fear and anxiety to reduce the chance that they’ll continue to fall into the same old behavioral response pattern to fear and anxiety. (more…)

Let profits ride until price action dictates otherwise.

  
  Education
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jessePerhaps the most famous quote attributed to Livermore is, “It never was my thinking that made the big money for me. It always was my sitting.” Traders are wired to be “doing something,” and this can cause churning, over-trading, getting out of positions too soon, and making your broker the wealthy one. The famous Turtle Traders were trend traders who made few trades and had learned the importance of staying in a winning trade.

For today’s traders, there are multiple variations to keep you in a trade. It’s not so important which method you implement, but that you do recognize when to hold a winner for maximum potential, and when a trend has changed character and it’s time to ring the register.

One method that satisfies the desire for profit and subdues the fear of a losing trade is to take one half of your profit off at a predetermined level, put a stop at breakeven on the rest, and let it play out without micromanaging the position. Even day and swing traders will benefit from letting a partial position play out when all indicators hint that more upside might be in the cards. Always remember this rule is letting a profitable position run, but it’s not a license to bury one’s head on a losing position

Trading Wisdom From Jesse Livermore

  
  Education
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Don’t Avoid Exit Strategies

“It was the same with all. They would not take a small loss at first but had held on, in the hope of a recovery that would let them out even. And prices had sunk and sunk until the loss was so great that it seemed only proper to hold on, if need be a year, for sooner or later prices must come back. But the break shook them out, and prices just went so much lower because so many people had to sell, whether they would or not.”
Jesse Livermore

Hope, Fear and Greed

“The spectator’s chief enemies are always boring from within. It is inseparable from human nature to hope and to fear. In speculation when the market goes against you, you hope that every day will be the last day and you lose more than you should had you not listened to hope. And when the market goes your way you become fearful that the next day will take away your profit, and you get out too soon. Fear keeps you from making as much money as you ought to. The successful trader has to fight these two deep-seated instincts. He has to reverse what you might call his natural impulses. Instead of hoping he must fear; instead of fearing he must hope. He must fear that his loss may develop into a much bigger loss, and hope that his profit may become a big profit.”
Jesse Livermore

A battle against human survival instinct

  
  Education
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battleTrading is a battle against human survival instinct.
It takes a long time to have a person’s brain rewire to the point where trying to survive doesn’t override what that person does during the middle of it when the heat gets turned up. Everyone loses accounts their first year, many will lose accounts next years, no matter how well they were consistently doing demo trading because when emotions start happening it literally stops a person from being able to press the button out of pure fear.

Courage and Trading

  
  Education
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According to Plutarch, “Courage stands halfway between cowardice and rashness…” Clearly, we don’t want to be reckless; and clearly, we don’t want to be hesitant and timid. What we need is a balance. As we go about our trading moderating our greed and our fear to a combination of healthy desire and clear minded caution, we use courage to go forward.

Courage doesn’t mean closing your eyes, holding your nose, and jumping into the deep end. It does mean moving forward with clean and clear perception as well as steadfastness of purpose.

You don’t need courage if you’re totally confident and unafraid. Courage, according to John Wayne, is being scared to death and saddling up anyway. Because people tend to fear the unknown, and the unknown is all that is certain about any given trade, we need to employ courage. Since trading is always new, since anything can happen and it often does, since the wildness lies in wait, we need to overcome uncertainty and fear so that we can appropriately enter, exit, and remain in trades.

When asked what he meant by “guts”, Ernest Hemingway told Dorothy Parker in an interview “grace under pressure”. Trading is all about grace and gracefulness under pressure.

The good news is that courage is like any muscle. It grows and becomes stronger the more you use it. Often as I trade I’m unaware of utilizing courage. I know I’m extremely alert. I may even be excited. I’m not aware of any fear until something starts to go wrong. However, that alertness and excitement is a product of adrenalin running. Excitement or fear comes from the interpretation you give to the adrenalin high. The more you act as if you’re unafraid, the less afraid you become. It all gets easier. Act the part and become the part. Make it your goal to trade with increasing grace under pressure.

The difference between excitement and fear depends of what you are imagining.

Are you imagining loss or are you imagining profit? Of course, you always have to keep the alternative in mind as trading is all about balancing the alternatives, profit with loss. But you don’t have to put loss into the foreground of your mind, because you never would put on a trade unless profit was the probable outcome. Direct your imagination towards profit, and suspend all thoughts of loss–once you’ve put your stops in.

“Don’t cry before you’re hurt.” says a proverb. I would add, don’t mourn a loss before you experience it. Don’t even mourn it after you take it, get on with the next trade, and the next, and the next. Anticipate profit. That’s what you’re there to experience. Ah yes, and as another proverb states: “Fortune favors the brave.”

Position Size Can Be More Important Than the Entry Price

  
  Education
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Too many traders focus only on the entry price and pay insufficient attention to the size of the position. Trading too large can result in good trades being liquidated at a loss because of fear.

On the other hand, trading larger than normal when the profit potential appears to be much greater than the risk is one of the key ways in which many of the Market Wizards achieve superior returns. Trading smaller, or not at all, for lower probability trades and larger for higher probability trades can even transform a losing strategy into a winning one.

For example, Edward Thorp, who started out devising strategies to win at casino games before achieving an extraordinary return/risk record as a hedge fund manager, discovered that by varying the bet size based on perceived probabilities, he could transform the negative edge in Blackjack into a positive edge. An analogous principal would apply to a trading strategy in which it was possible to identify higher and lower probability trades.

Chasing a Trade and The Power of Regret

  
  Education
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Everyone knows that chasing price is usually not beneficial, we either end up catching the move too late, or we get poor trade location, which makes it more difficult to manage the trade.

However, there are other forms of chasing that are just as common, maybe more common, and just as counter-productive. 

Traders who are not profitable are often too quick to chase after new set-ups and indicators, or a different chat room, if that’s your thing.  Obviously, we need to have a trading edge, whether it is from the statistical perspective of a positive expectancy, or simply the confidence in a particular discretionary strategy such as tape reading, following order flow, market profile, etc.

Chasing a trade is the fear of missing out. The fear of missing out is associated with various emotions, including regret. There’s a lot of talk about fear and greed in trading, but the power of regret is often overlooked. Some of my own worst trades, and those of my clients, often have a ‘regret from missing a prior opportunity’ component. When I finally finish my book on the psychology of financial risk taking, I will include much about this overlooked but very powerful emotion.

Somewhat related to chasing a trade, is impulse trading.  They both have in common the underlying feeling of the fear of missing out.  It’s tempting for me to talk about impulse trading here, but it really deserves its own piece.

Self-Assessment

  
  Education
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* How many of your trades today (or this week) had an explicitly defined risk and reward?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) did you execute according to the defined risk and reward?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) were based upon clear market patterns and a clear identification of how the market was trading?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) were placed out of fear of missing a move? Out of frustration following a loss? Out of boredom in a slow market?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) would you place again if you had the same circumstances?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) came from advance planning and preparation?

* How many of your trades today (or this week) were sized properly, given your level of confidence in your ideas and your desired risk management?

* What did you learn today (or this week), and how will you put that learning to work tomorrow (or next week)?

* How did you feel about your trading at the end of the day (or week)? Proud? Disgusted? Regretful? Satisfied?

* What can you do tomorrow (or next week) to feel proud of and satisfied with your trading?

11 More Trading Resolutions for 2011

  
  Education
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  1. I will begin each trading day by asking myself, “Is today a day to make money, limit losses, or do nothing? And then I will trade that way.
  2. I will be aware of my fear and recognize when I’m trading out of fear.
  3. I will stay objective by asking myself, “If I had no position on, what would I do?”
  4. I will listen to myself first and others second, or not at all.
  5. I will trade to make money, not to be right.
  6. I accept that how often I’m right is not as relevant as how much I make when I’m right vs. how much I lose when I’m wrong.
  7. I will manage my risk better by following this simple formula: H+W+P=E (Hoping + Wishing + Praying = Exit the trade).
  8. I will lose money the right way—by using stops.
  9. I will quantify the success of my trade based on the quality of my trading process and not on the profit or loss from it.
  10. I will keep my trades simple. Trading is a game of up, down and sideways. It isn’t complicated, so don’t make it that way.
  11. Finally, I will keep a trading journal.

 

List of Mistakes by Traders

  
  Education
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Hesitation – fear of putting on a trade where price signals an entry because of what you think could possibly happen. Hey, it’s game of probability, and you’ll miss 100% of the shots you don’t take.

Chasing – running after the trade you hesitated on because of thinking about it too much, and now you think it will go forever without you. (It may go a long way without you, but don’t worry, another train will come along in a while.)

Overleveraging, averaging down, letting a loser run, trading without protective stops – all caused by the fact you are so certain price will do a certain thing that risk management is for stupid amateurs who get shaken out of “good” positions just when price is about to finally run their way.

Trading against a strong trend – you think price has run too high or too low because you have special indicators that tell you price is “overbought” or “oversold” and therefore has to reverse, even though price is showing you otherwise.

Taking profits too soon – you think no one ever went broke taking a profit and you think that normal price action retracements are reversals, so you grab tiny profits, while allowing losing trades to hit full stop, leaving you with a very poor reward:risk ratio.

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