Closing changes for the main European equity bourses:
- German DAX +0.5%
- UK FTSE 100 +0.3%
- Frrench CAC -0.1%
- Spain IBEX +0.3%
- Italy MIB +0.8%
Italian stocks got an extra lift after clearing the August high:

This fits with the narrative surrounding the euro area economy at the moment, with the ECB also likely to tone down their optimistic take on the outlook derived during the summer. As supply and capacity constraints persist for a protracted period of time, expect that to weigh more heavily on the German economy going into next year.