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Unknown Facts

  
Analysis, Economy, Education
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-Over the past five years, poverty ratios have remained extremely high despite rapid GDP growth; 77 per cent of Indians survive on Rs20 or less a day. While the top 10 per cent earn First World annual incomes such as Rs5 crores, the wretched of the earth must make do with Rs7,000 a year.

-An additional 100 million people have been driven into poverty by two decades of “free-market” or neoliberal policies. India’s Human Development Index rank has slipped from 121 in 1991 to 134.

-In the Global Hunger Index of the International Food Policy Research Institute, India ranks 65 (of 88 nations). Pakistan’s rank is 58.

-Despite two decades of rapid GDP growth, India scores worse than its neighbours, barring Bangladesh, and also worse than over 20 Sub-Saharan African countries which have experienced economic collapse, civil war, famine and genocides during the past quarter-century.

-None of the 17 major Indian states surveyed falls in the “low” or “moderate” hunger category. Twelve states fall in the “alarming” category, and one — Madhya Pradesh —in the “extremely alarming” category. Four states — Punjab, Haryana, Kerala and Assam — fall in the “serious” category. On a global scale, India’s best-performing state, Punjab, ranks 34th.

-Food grains availability in India has decreased from 200 kg per person a year at the beginning of the 20th century to under 170 kg. As a result, 33 per cent of Indian adults have a body-mass index (weight in kilogrammes divided by the square of height in metres) less than 18.5. (The normal range is 18.5 to 25. People under 18.5 are malnourished, those above 25 obese.)

-If the Wadhwa Committee’s report is adopted, the number of families treated as Below Poverty Line (BPL) would rise to 200 million, in place of the 105 million estimated by the states and the 92.5 million by another official committee.

The EGoM’s draft is minimalist, reneges on the promise of nutritional security, and perpetuates today’s collapsing PDS which supposedly only targets BPL families. Estimates of their number vary from 28 to 50 per cent of the population. These estimates are based on convoluted methods and are unreliable.

The more reliable National Sample Survey (2004-05) found that only one-half of the poorest households had a BPL card. Worse, many non-poor people use influence to illegally procure a BPL card and corner PDS grain.

U.S. Treasury to China – Revalue Remnimbi or We Will

  
Analysis, Economy, Education
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There’s a lot of talk around the markets and in Washington about China’s currency policy. What many want to know is whether the US Treasury will name China as a currency manipulator. Perhaps a more important question is, should China be named as a currency manipulator? And if it were named as such, what actions could the US take? In recent days the Chinese and the US administration have taken shots in the press at each other. The US is hinting that China is manipulating its currency to boost its economy. The Chinese is firing back saying that the US “should not politicize the remnimbi exchange rate issue.”

First, some background on the problem. Basic economics says that if you keep the currency of your country at a weak (but not so weak as to cause a collapse in it) level you help boost exports. The currency becomes weaker making your goods cheaper for foreign consumption. In a freely floating exchange system, the market determines the equilibrium value. Speculators look at economic statistics like GDP growth, interest rates, inflation etc. to figure out what a currency should be worth and then place bets accordingly. If speculators think that an economy can grow strongly while keeping inflation at a benign rate, they will bid up the currency of that economy. As that happens, the country whose currency is getting stronger could see a decrease in exports. This is caused by the larger amount of currency the importer uses to make the same purchase as previously made. (more…)

Marc Faber Discusses Chinese Economic Cooling Off, Sees Day Of Reckoning Delayed

  
Economy, Education
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Nothing notably new here from the man who has called for a Chinese crash in as little as 12 months. Now that the Chinese PMI came at the lowest level in 17 months (in line with the drop in the US ISM but completely the opposite of Europe’s PMI as everyone makes up their own data on the fly now with no rhyme or reason), Faber seems to have mellowed out a little on the Chinese end-play. He now sees the China government stepping in and prevent a collapse of the economy when needed, as the economy has dropped from a near 12% GDP growth to a collapse in the PMI in the span of a few months, even as Chinese banks lent another quarter trillion renminbi billion in July, and issued who knows how many hundreds of billions in CDOs to keep the ponzi afloat.

From Bloomberg TV:

On the cooling of China’s economy:

“I mean I’ve been arguing this year that the economy would inevitably slow down, because the impact of the stimulus would diminish. But having said that, the economy hasn’t crashed yet. It could still crash. But on the other hand, if you look at the performance of equities worldwide, it seems that the worse the economic news is, that the more the markets go up, because the market participants expect further easing measures, and maybe further stimulus. So altogether I would say it’s not going to be a disaster for stock investors yet. It’s interesting. The Chinese stock market began to discount the slowdown in economic growth actually precisely a year ago, in August, 2009. The market peaked out. And then drifted lower, but now that the bad news is essentially out, the market has started to rebound.”

On whether the property market is the biggest weakness in China:

“I’d like to make the following observation. We have a global economy, and an economy has different sectors. And you can have recession in some sectors of the economy. You can have a crash, say, in the property market, and you can have other sectors expanding. [Bolton: That’s the biggest weakness, right Marc, as far as you’re concerned, in the Chinese economy right now, it is the overheating in the property market?….] Well, I’m not sure. Because if they ease again, the speculation will go on. But we have credit problems in the property market undoubtedly. We have Ponzi schemes like loan sharking operations all over China. That’s a very dangerous. But what I would like to point out is that the agricultural sector, the rural sector in China and everywhere in the world is doing relatively well, because agricultural prices have started to rebound. And that was also seen in Thailand. In Thailand, new car sales are up very strongly.”

On whether the Chinese government will delay increasing interest rates this year:

“I think even if they increase it marginally it’s meaningless. Because interest rates are far below nominal GDP growth, and in my opinion far below inflation.”

Indian bank stress tests expected to provide only superficial reassurance

  
Analysis, Economy, Education
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It seems that bank stress tests are catching on. In the wake of the US tests, whose results were published in May 2009, and the less exacting European ones, whose results came out on July 23, India is poised to embark on stress tests too. However the Indian bank tests are likely to be more opaque than the recent European ones – and their results will have to be taken with a bigger pinch of salt, according to a recent guest blog post in FT Alphaville.

 

On July 27 the Indian Reserve Bank confirmed its intention to carry out stress tests on Indian state-owned and privately-owned banks in the hope of providing reassurance about the resilience of the country’s banking system. On the same day the IRB raised interest rates more sharply than expected – to 4.5%-5.75% – for the fourth time in a year, largely in response to higher inflation and a potentially overheating economy (GDP growth is expected to be 8.5%-8.6% this year and next).

 

Incidentally, as Stephanie Flanders pointed out in a recent BBC blog post, Indians no longer see their nation’s closed financial system as a source of weakness. It is increasingly preferring to cut itself off from internatonal markets.

 

RBI governor Duvvuri Subbarao admitted that India would be “learning on the job” as it seeks to review of capital, liquidity and leverage standards of the nation’s banks, the majority of which remain state-owned.

 

India’s banks emerged remarkably unscathed from the global financial crisis of 2008-09 despite suffering a liquidity squeeze. Only ICICI, India’s largest privately-owned bank, needed explicit liquidity support during the mother of all crises.

 

However, in a that FT Alphaville post mentioned above, Hemindra Hazari, head of research at Hyderabad-headquartered Karvy Stock Broking warned that the government’s proposed tests may end up being more spin than substance.

 

He painted a disturbing picture of the state of Indian banking, adding that New Delhi has good reason to keep both the results and the methodology of the tests under wraps.

 

According to Hazari, India’s banks have widely used accounting jiggery-pokery to disguise their true bad debt position and suggestedthat they are in a far worse state than they are likely to let on to the stress testers.

 

Hazari said that while India’s banks may have the trappings of strength – having avoided the “cancers of subprime lending and investments in dodgy sovereign paper” – hidden dangers lurk beneath the surface.

 

In particular, he noted that the quality of their asset bases is “extremely mixed” and that their non-performing assets surged by 23% in the fiscal year 2009 and by 28% in the subsequent year.

 

Hazari does not regard non-performing assets as a reliable gauge of asset quality. This is because from 2009-10, the RBI allowed Indian banks “to classify dubious assets as restructured standard loans which are not classified as non-performing assets and which require minimal additional provisioning.”

 

Hazari added:

 

 

It is this nebulous category of assets, which bankers insist are of sound quality but are having “temporary” cashflow problems that have suddenly surfaced and rest innocuously in the notes to accounts on bank balance sheets. (more…)

Goldman Capitulates: Lowers GDP Forecast, Increases Unemployment And Inflation Outlook, Sees Imminent QE "Lite"

  
  Education
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It’s official: the double dip is here. Goldman’s Jan Hatzius just lowered his GDP forecast for 2011 from 2.5% to 1.9% (kiss goodbye all those 93 EPS estimates on the S&P), increased his unemployment forecast from 9.8% to 10.0%, boosted his inflation expectation from 0.4% to 1.0%, and said that QE lite is now on the table, as he expects that “the FOMC to announce that they will reinvest the paydown of mortgage-backed securities in the bond market at next Tuesday’s meeting.” Look for all other sell-side “strategists” (here’s looking at you Neil Dutta) to lower their economic outlook in kind, and the 2011 S&P consensus to decline accordingly.

From Goldman Sachs:

 
 

Over the past two to three months, the US economic recovery has lost a considerable amount of its momentum.   As a result, our forecast of a significant slowing in US growth in the second half of 2010—widely regarded as implausible just three months ago—is now increasingly accepted as the baseline.  As the data disappointments intensified in early July, we indicated that we would consider revisions to our economic outlook.  With the annual revisions to real GDP now behind us, we are making the following changes: (more…)

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