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What we know so far about a US-China trade deal

The positive tone continues

The positive tone continues
China-US trade tensions have dominated markets for the past year but we could have a solution this month.
Shortly after markets opened, the WSJ reported that officials are closing in on a deal that will be concluded around March 27 at Mar-A-Lago.
1) US tariffs
The deal would remove “most, if not all” of the US sanctions levied against China in late 2018.
2) China tariffs
China would lower tariffs and other restrictions on US agriculture, chemicals, and other products, including cutting auto tariffs from 15%.
3) Removing foreign ownership restrictions
US companies are often restricted from operating in China, especially in insurance and financial services. Expect a faster timetable to open up these industries, but nothing immediately.
4) Chinese purchases
China’s strategy throughout talks has been to pledge to purchase more US goods in order to narrow the trade deficit. This will focus on agricultural products now with pledges to buy LNG around 2023.
5) Intellectual property
Talks continue regarding protection of IP and last week Robert Lighthizer said that issue alone makes up 30% of the current working document on the agreement.
6) Enforcement
This is the major remaining snag with “many details still needed to be worked out”, according to the NYT. The US wants the ability to unilaterally impose tariffs if US companies complain, China has balked.
Another factor that’s moving markets is a report that China plans to cut its VAT for manufacturers by 3 percentage points with an announcement coming as soon as this week. It’s part of a broader effort to stimulate the economy.
What’s expected? Here’s what Goldman Sachs is looking for: “Our base case is that an agreement would leave some US tariffs in place, potentially lifting them in stages as various commitments under the agreement have been met. We nevertheless expect some US tariffs to remain in place into 2020,” Goldman Sachs wrote a report today.

Eurozone February final manufacturing PMI 49.3 vs 49.2 prelim

Latest data released by Markit – 1 March 2019

  • Prior 50.5

The preliminary reading can be found here. Only a mild improvement to initial estimates but more or less similar. The final reading here confirms that manufacturing activity in the region now sits in contraction territory and the print here sits at the lowest since June 2013.

If this carries over into March, it’s going to take some real heavy lifting in the services sector to cover for flagging growth in the Eurozone economy during Q1.

MSCI to quadruple the contribution of mainland Chinese companies’ to its benchmarks

Dow Jones / Wall Street Journal with the news on a huge boost for China shares

  • MSCI provides stock market indexes
  • The firm will increase the contribution of mainland Chinese companies’ to its benchmarks by a factor of four
Says the Journal:
  • a move that makes shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen all but unignorable for many international investors.
Sure does.
Link (WSJ is gated)
If you can’t access the WSJ, the FT has news also (oh, yeah, the FT is gated but a free registration can help access a certain number of articles each month):
  • MSCI included Chinese “A-shares” in the MSCI Emerging Markets index last year, but with a modest inclusion factor of 5 per cent of the float-adjusted market capitalisation that was added in two stages in May and August.
  • On Thursday, MSCI lifted the inclusion factor to 20 per cent, which will in practice triple the Chinese weighting in its EM index from 0.71 per cent to 2.82 per cent by August next year.

Japan Industrial production for January, preliminary:-3.7 % m/m (expected -2.5%)

Trade tensions weighing on output in Japan

-3.7% m/m for a big miss – terrible data for Japan output
  • expected -2.5% m/m, prior -0.1%
0.0% y/y
  • expected 1.3% y/y, prior -1.9%
Outlooks for Japanese manufacturers from the METI:
  • see Feb output +5.0% m/m
  • see March output at -1.6% m/m
January IP falling its hardest since the same month in 2018
  • this is the third consecutive monthly decline
As noted in the preview (link below), there can be distortions in Jan and Feb data due to the Lunar New Year celebrations in China.
To the extent this impacts BOJ thinking it further distances the prospect of any exit from easy monetary policy. Thus a yen negative.

Nikkei reports Chinese companies are starting to curb hiring in 2019

Japanese press reports on a small survey (30 firms present at job fairs in the neighbouring cities of Shanghai, Kunshan and Suzhou last week)

  • 10 plan to cut back or freeze hiring in 2019 from a year earlier
Bear in mind that is a very small sample, but the Nikkei does add:
  • Late February is normally the busiest season for job hunting and hiring in China

More:

  • a job fair at a Kunshan career center last Thursday was nearly half empty
  • Only 80 companies, mostly manufacturers, participated as many gave up on hiring or left booths unattended with only their names displayed.
  • Suffering from trade tensions, suppliers of liquid-crystal displays and smartphone components in particular plan to cut back on hiring. 

Marc Faber: Relax, This Will Hurt A Lot

Marc Faber closed out this week’s Agora Financial Symposium with a speech that pretty much recapitulated the view that the end of the world is if not nigh, then surely tremendous dislocations to the existing socio-political and economic landscape are about to take place (with some very dire consequences for the US). His conclusive remarks pretty much summarize his sentiment best: “We’ve had a trend for most of the past 200 years: GDP of countries like China and India went down while the West surged. That’s now changed. Emerging economies will go up, and your children in the West will have a lower standard of living than you did. Absolutely. We won’t sink to the bottom of the sea. But other countries will grow much faster than us. The world is very competitive, and the odds are stacked against us. Americans, with their inborn arrogance, will not let it go that easily, so there will be lots of tension going forward.” While long-time fans of Faber will not be surprised by the gloom and doom (not much boom) here, anyone else who still holds a glimmer of hope that at the end of the day the CNBC spin may be right, is advised to steer clear of Faber’s most recent thoughts.

And while we do not have the full presentation yet, the salient points have been recreated below courtesy of the Motley Fool. For those who desire a far more in depth presentation from the inimitable Mr. Faber, we direct you to his June 2008 capstone presentation: “Where is the boom, and the doom” – link here.

On reality: My views are not all that negative. I think they’re just realistic. I want to face reality. You have people like Paul Krugman who thinks we should have another bubble to pull us out of this. He actually said that. But he said the same thing in 2001. And you know how that turned out.

On unintended consequences: The Fed doesn’t seem to have learned anything at all from its mistakes. Their current policy of cutting rates to zero is designed to create sustainable growth, but they’ve created larger and larger volatility in markets. There are many unintended consequences of their actions.

The oil bubble of 2008 is a good example. In 2008, the price of oil went ballistic, but the U.S. was already in a recession [it began in Dec. 2007]. There was no rational reason oil should have gone ballistic. The Fed’s easy money just fueled a bubble. It was like a $500 billion tax on consumers courtesy of the Fed. That’s the added amount that it cost you, and it helped push consumers over a cliff in late 2008.

On the Fed: The Fed doesn’t pay any attention to asset bubbles when they grow. That’s their official policy. But they flood the system with cash when bubbles burst. They only care about bubbles when they crash. It’s a very asymmetric response and it has many unintended consequences.

Letting bubbles inflate and then fighting them when they burst actually worked for a while. That’s what makes it dangerous. It worked in the ’90s. But you shouldn’t read too much into this: This period was assisted by unusually favorable conditions. From 1981 until early last decade, commodities were in a bear market after a bubble in the ’70s and early ’80s. And interest rates were falling throughout the ’80s and ’90s, too. They almost never stopped falling. That made Fed policy look like it was working.

Bubbles can still happen without expansionary monetary policy. In the 19th century, you had bubbles in railroads, for example. But today, the Fed has created a bubble in everything — in every single asset class. This is an achievement even for a central bank. Stocks. Commodities. Bonds. Real estate. Gold. Everything goes up when the Fed prints. The only asset that goes down is the U.S. dollar.

On deflation: I’m a believer that the stock market lows of March 2009 will not be revisited. You have people like Robert Prechter who think the Dow will collapse to 700 because of debt deleveraging. Debt deleveraging could happen, but the Dow will not fall because of monetary policy. The Fed will keep everything inflated in nominal terms. And if the Dow does go to 700, you’ll have more to worry about than your investments. All the banks will be bust. The government will be bust. You don’t want cash if massive deflation happens. On the contrary: It will be worthless. You have to think very carefully about hardcore deflation. (more…)

Greece bailout package 'agreed by Germany and France'

The deal will also involve the International Monetary Fund and is expected to include 22 billion euros of funding for Greece, sources said.

It is now up to European Union President Herman Van Rompuy to call a summit of eurozone leaders possibly later tonight to consider the French-German deal, after talks attended by all 27 European Union heads of state.

The meeting would ask Van Rompuy to draw up detailed plans “before year end to show all the options possible” for bailing out eurozone nations in future. That would include preventive measures and sanctions, a diplomat said.

Spanish government spokeswoman Cristina Gallach said she could not confirm any deal but that Spain – which heads most European Union talks because it holds the EU’s rotating presidency – was “hopeful” that a solution could be found at the talks for Greece’s debt woes.

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