In the book, Investment Policy: How to Win the Loser’s Game, author Charles D. Ellis discusses the interesting conclusions of Dr. Simon Ramo on playing strategy. Extraordinary Tennis for the Ordinary Tennis Player (New York: Crown Publishes, 1977) identified the difference between a winner’s game and a loser’s game.  Over a period of many years Dr. Ramo observed that tennis was not one game, but two: one played by professionals and a very few gifted amateurs; the other played by all the rest of us. After extensive scientific and statistical analysis, Dr. Ramo summed it up this way: Professionals win points; amateurs lose points.
In expert tennis, the ultimate outcome is determined by the actions of the winner. Professional tennis players stroke the ball with strong, well-aimed shots, though long and often exciting rallies, until one player is able to force an error by his opponent or to drive the ball just out of reach. These splendid players seldom make mistakes.
Amateur tennis, Dr. Ramo found, is almost entirely different. Brilliant shots, long and exciting rallies and seemingly miraculous recoveries are few and far between. The amateur player seldom beats his opponent; rather he beats himself all the time. The ball is fairly often hit into the net or out of bounds and double faults at service are not uncommon. The victor in this game of tennis eventually gets a higher score because his opponent is losing more points.
As a scientist and statistician, Dr. Ramo gathered data to test his hypothesis in a clever way. Instead of keeping conventional game scores—love, 15 all, 30-15, and so forth—he simply counted points won versus points lost. He found that in expert tennis about 80 percent of the points are won, but in amateur tennis about 80 percent of the points are lost through errors. (more…)