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10 Points For Successful Trading

Trading Methodology:

  1. Winning system-Only trade tested systems with a positive expectancy in the long term.
  2. Faith– Your system has to allow you to trade your beliefs about the market.
  3. Risk/Reward-Never trade unless your profit expectations are greater than your capital at risk.

Trader Psychology:

  1. Discipline-You have to keep trading your method even when it doesn’t work for a given time period.
  2. Ego-Admit when you are wrong.
  3. Emotions-Trade the math not your emotions.

Risk Management:

  1.  Risk of Ruin-Never risk more than 1% of your total account capital on any one trade.
  2. Position Sizing-Use your capital at risk to understand the right amount to trade based on the securities volatility.
  3. Capital at risk: Never put more than 6% of your total capital at risk at any given time on all positions.
  4. Trailing stops- Always have an exit strategy to lock in your winners.

Trade Like an O’Neil Disciple -Book Review

The CANSLIM enthusiasts, and they seem to be legion if the reviews on Amazon are any indication, have nothing but praise for Trade Like an O’Neil Disciple by Gil Morales and Chris Kacher (Wiley, 2010). I decided to be a little more focused and less ebullient in this post and write about a trade setup not found in the standard O’Neil repertoire. Consider this a follow-up to yesterday’s discussion about the eye of ambiguity.

The setup is alternatively described as a pocket pivot or buying in the pocket. It is “an early base breakout indicator, which is designed to find buyable pivot points within a stock’s base shortly before the stock actually breaks out of its chart base or consolidation and emerges into new high price ground.” (p. 128) The pocket pivot indicator provides direction in what might be seen as an ambiguous situation. It is, the authors claim, particularly valuable in sideways moving markets.

A major virtue of a pocket pivot buy point is that it is a low-risk entry point—relatively close to support and far enough from resistance to be profitable even if the stock can’t break through to higher highs. Or, as the more optimistic authors claim, “the pocket pivot buy point technique can get an investor into a stock at a lower-risk price point and thereby make it more possible for the investor to sit through a pullback if the all-too-obvious new-high breakout buy point fails initially and the stock retrenches, corrects, or sells off.” (p. 129)

What are the characteristics of a pocket pivot buy point? “[A] stock should be showing constructive price/volume action preceding the pocket pivot. … [T]ighter price formations, that is, less volatility should be evident in the stock’s price/volume action as viewed on its chart. The stock should have been ‘respecting’ or ‘obeying’ the 50-day moving average during the price run that occurred prior to the time the stock began building its current base. … Except in very rare cases, … pocket pivots should only be bought when they occur above the 50-day moving average. Ideally, the stock’s price/volume action should become ‘quiet’ over the previous several days, which contrasts with the much larger and stronger volume move that comes on the pocket pivot itself. On the pocket pivot you want to see up-volume equal to or greater than the largest down-volume day over the prior 10 days.” (pp. 132-33)

The authors offer a series of variations on this generic trade setup. For instance, there’s the continuation trade: buying on volume after a pullback to the 10-day moving average. Or the bottom-fishing trade where a stock, after carving out a bottom, pushes through its 50-day moving average. They urge caution if a pocket pivot is too extended from its 10- or 50-day moving average when it begins its move or if a stock has been “wedging” upward instead of drifting downward before a pocket pivot. As they write, “context is everything.” (p. 162)

This setup is certainly not a revolutionary breakthrough in the world of technical analysis. In fact, anyone familiar with the literature might recognize several patterns rolled into one here. In the context of yesterday’s post, it is a “fast-follower” strategy because it requires a volume spike, created by the “first movers.”

Trading Psychology Observations

-From working with developing traders, I’d say that 90% don’t/can’t sustain the process of keeping a substantive journal. Among the group that does journal, well over 90% of the entries are about themselves and their P/L. I almost never see journal entries devoted to figuring out markets.

-A sizable proportion of traders who have been having problems are trading methods and patterns that used to work, but are no longer operative. The inability to change with changing markets affects traders intraday (when volume/volatility/trend patterns shift) and over longer time frames (when intermarket patterns shift).

-Some traders habitually look for tops in a rising market and bottoms in a falling one. There’s much to be said for countertrend methods, but not when the need to be right exceeds the need to make money.

-An underrated element in trading success is mental flexibility: the ability to shift views and perceptions as new data enter the marketplace. It takes a certain lack of ego to form a strong view and then modify it in the face of new evidence.

-Many traders fail because they’re focused on what the market *should* be doing, rather than on what it *is* doing. The stock market leads, not follows, economic fundamentals. Some of the best investment opportunities occur when markets are looking past news, positive or negative.

Average True Range (ATR) – A Magical Tool

Average True Range is an indispensable tool for designers of good trading systems. It is truly a workhorse among technical indicators. Every systems trader should be familiar with ATR and its many useful functions. It has numerous applications including use in setups, entries, stops and profit taking. It is even a valuable aid in money management. The following is a brief explanation of how ATR is calculated and a few simple examples of the many ways that ATR can be used to design profitable trading systems.How to calculate Average True Range (ATR):

  • Range: This is simply the difference between the high point and the low point of any bar.
  • True Range: This is the GREATEST of the following:
    1. The distance from today’s high to today’s low
    2. The distance from yesterday’s close to today’s high, or
    3. The distance from yesterday’s close to today’s low

True range is different from range whenever there is a gap in prices from one bar to the next. Average True Range is simply the true range averaged over a number of bars of data. To make ATR adaptive to recent changes in volatility, use a short average (2 to 10 bars). To make the ATR reflective of “normal” volatility use 20 to 50 bars or more.

Will write more with Examples …Next week !!

Technically Yours

10 Questions for Trend Followers ,Yes Just Answer Them

Now, let’s get practical. Answer the following five questions, and you have a trend following trading system:

1. What market do you buy or sell at any time?
2. How much of a market do you buy or sell at any time?
3. When do you buy or sell a market?
4. When do you get out of a losing position?
5. When do you get out of a winning position?

Said another way (Bill Eckhardt inspired):

1. What is the state of the market?
2. What is the volatility of the market?
3. What is the equity being traded?
4. What is the system or the trading orientation?
5. What is the risk aversion of the trader or client?

You want to be black or white with this. You do not want gray. If you can accept that mentality, you have got it.

The psychophysiology of trading

The paper is old (2002) but still interesting. Andrew W. Lo and Dmitry V. Repin in “The Psychophysiology of Real-Time Financial Risk Processing” report the results of their experiment to measure the emotional responses of ten traders—five highly experienced and five with low to moderate experience. They wired up these traders to plot real-time changes in their skin conductance, blood volume pulse, heart rate, electromyographical signals, respiration, and body temperature.

Although the sample is very small and hence just a first stab, the authors noted some significant differences between the two types of traders. The less experienced traders, for instance, seem to be more sensitive to short-term changes in such market variables as deviations and trend reversals. Both sets of traders, however, saw spikes in their blood volume pulse in the face of volatility events.

Lo and Repin conclude that “emotion is a significant determinant of the evolutionary fitness of financial traders.”

Stock options are for..

  1. …managing risk through controlling shares with less capital.
  2. …putting the odds in your favor.
  3. …making bets on volatility or a price inside a specific time frame.
  4. …insuring a longer term stock holding from major losses.
  5. …replacement of margin.

Stock options are not for…

  1. …gambling.
  2. …going all in on one trade.
  3. …being used if you do not understand them completely.
  4. …selling and taking on unmanageable risks.
  5. …trading with the odds against you.

Difference between Real Traders and the mass

REAL TRADER1) Trading – Speculating – Gambling – In the eyes of the vast majority, these things are blurred together, and very many things that the herd get up to in the name of “trading” is really either speculating or gambling. To that end, much of the advice published on the subject of trading can equally be as confused.
 
But not to real traders; real traders know the difference and are very clear that what they are doing is neither speculating or gambling. Just because you can know your risk per trade when speculating or gambling does NOT mean you are trading. Every game at the roulette table you can know your risk. Think about that…
 
 
2) Real traders create and trade systems. They follow the rules exactly because they know that to break the rules is to break the fundamental expectation of their system which immediately throws them back into the speculation/gambling camp. Oh by the way, casino owners do not gamble; they trade. Think about that too…
 
 
3) True systems can be rigorously forward and back tested and withstand shifts in the market, or at least behave more or less as expected as the market switches between trending and non-trending, high volatility and low volatility.
 
 
4) Real traders take every trade, even when their systems are getting a hammering. Why? Because they know that the next trade could be the turn around, and that their system can weather the storm. Again, to tinker with the system is to immediately be back to speculating and gambling.
 
 
5) All systems experience drawdown. Real traders know this, and they weather it without emotion. You can be flat or in drawdown for an extensive period, but they keep on following the rules. It’s a part of the business.

Trading Mathematics and Trend Following

Some quick points, to be making money, Profit Factor must be greater than 1.

  • Profit Factor (PF)
  • = Gross Gains / Gross Losses
  • = (Average win * number of wins) / (Average loss * number of losses)
  • = R * w / (1-w)
    • where R = Average win / Average loss
    • w = win rate, i.e. % number of winners compared to total number of trades

Re-arranging, we have

  • w = PF / (PF + R)
  • R = PF * (1 – w) / w

Sample numbers showing the minimum R required to break-even (i.e. PF = 1, assuming no transaction costs) for varying win rates.

  • w = 90% >> R = 0.11
  • w = 80% >> R = 0.25
  • w = 70% >> R = 0.43
  • w = 60% >> R = 0.67
  • w = 50% >> R = 1
  • w = 40% >> R = 1.5
  • w = 30% >> R = 2.33
  • w = 20% >> R = 4
  • w = 10% >> R = 9

The style of trading strongly influences the win rate and R (average winner / average loser). For example, (more…)