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Jim Chanos on Investment Sytle ,Short Selling ,Contrarian Trading & China

Graham & Doddsville, a Columbia Business School investment newsletter, has recently scored an interview with Jim Chanos, the founder and Managing Partner of Kynikos Associates and one of the world’s most successful short-sellers. His most celebrated short-sale of Enron shares was dubbed by Barron’s as “the market call of the decade, if not the past fifty years. Obviously, he’s still bearish on China’s property market and banking sector and his positions are starting to move his way. In this long (though very insightful) interview with G&D, Chanos talks about his background, investment style, short-selling, contrarian trading and, of course, China.

Here is an excerpt of the original interview (full interview below that… it’s long but it’s worth the read).

On Wall Street ethics:

“… I handed out a two page memo to the senior banker discussing the impact of buying back stock. The senior banker looked at me with an icy stare and stated that we were not in the business of recommending share buybacks to our clients; we were in the business of selling debt. This was my first douse of cold water regarding Wall Street and I became pretty disillusioned after that episode. I had learned that Wall Street wasn’t necessarily doing things in their clients’ best interest…” 

On timing a short-sale:

“I recommended a short position in Baldwin- United at $24 based on language in the 10-K and 10-Qs, uneconomic annuities, leverage issues and a host of other concerns. The stock promptly doubled on me. This was a good introduction to the fact that in investing, you can be really right but temporarily quite wrong… I went home to visit my parents for Christmas and received a phone call from Bob Holmes telling me that I was getting a great Christmas present – the state insurance regulator had seized Baldwin-United’s insurance subsidiaries.” 

On being a contrarian:

“… numerous studies have shown that most rational people’s decision-making breaks down in an environment of negative reinforcement… You’re basically told that you’re wrong in every way imaginable every day. It takes a certain type of individual to drown that noise and negative reinforcement out and to remind oneself that their work is accurate and what they’re hearing is not.” 

On shorting:

“We try not to short on valuation, though at some price even reasonably good businesses will be good shorts due to limitations of growth. We try to focus on businesses where something is going wrong. Better yet, we look for companies that are trying — often legally but aggressively — to hide the fact that things are going wrong through their accounting, acquisition policy or other means. Those are our bread-and-butter ideas…. Valuation itself is probably the last thing we factor into our decision. Some of our very best shorts have been cheap or value stocks. We look more at the business to see if there is something structurally wrong or about to go wrong, and enter the valuation last.

…You need to be able to weather being told you’re wrong all the time. Short sellers are constantly being told they’re wrong. A lot of people don’t function well in an environment of negative reinforcement and short selling is the ultimate negative reinforcement profession, as you are going against the grain of a lot of well-financed people who want to prove you wrong. It takes a certain temperament to disregard this.” 

On China:

“This is a bubble that has a long way to go on the downside. Residential real estate prices, in aggregate in China, at construction cost, are equal to 350% of GDP. The only two economies that ever saw higher numbers at roughly 375% were Japan in 1989 and Ireland in 2007, and both had epic property collapses. So the data does not look good for China.”

In China, everyone is incented by GDP. They are fixated on growth. In the West, we go about our economic lives, and at the end of the year the statisticians say, this year your growth was 3%. But in China, it’s still centrally planned. All state policy goes through the banking system. They decide what they want growth to be and then they try and figure out how to get there.” 

Full interview below. (more…)

European Bank Stress Test – Full List of Banks to be Examined

Details of what the much talked about stress test of European banks will examine is out. A total of 91 European banks will be involved in the stress tests (full list of banks being tested are shown below). The test which is being overseen by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) states:

The objective of the extended stress test exercise is to assess the overall resilience of the EU banking sector and the banks’ ability to absorb further possible shocks on credit and market risks, including sovereign risks, and to assess the current dependence on public support measures.

The exercise is being conducted on a bank-by-bank basis using commonly agreed macro-economic scenarios (baseline and adverse) for 2010 and 2011, developed in close cooperation with the ECB and the European Commission.

The macro-economic scenarios include a set of key macro-economic variables (e.g. the evolution of GDP, of unemployment and of the consumer price index), differentiated for EU Member States, the rest of the EEA countries and the US. The exercise also envisages adverse conditions in financial markets and a shock on interest rates to capture an increase in risk premia linked to a deterioration in the EU government bond markets.

On aggregate, the adverse scenario assumes a 3 percentage point deviation of GDP for the EU compared to the European Commission’s forecasts over the two-year time horizon. The sovereign risk shock in the EU represents a deterioration of market conditions as compared to the situation observed in early May 2010.

The scope of the stress testing exercise has been extended to include not only the major EU cross-border banking groups but also key domestic credit institutions in Europe. {…}

The results of the stress test will be disclosed, both on an aggregated and on a bank-by-bank basis, on 23 July 2010.

It should be noted that a stress testing exercise does not provide forecasts of expected outcomes, but rather a what-if analysis aimed at supporting the supervisory assessment of the adequacy of capital of European banks. {…}

We all remember the stress test that was applied to American financial institutions in early 2009. It took months for the Federal Reserve to decide how to conduct the testing and then how to release the results so as not to upset anyone. Will the Europeans tell it like it is, or will they follow Tim Geithner’s past action of ‘just don’t say much’ ?

The full list of European banks that will undergo stress testing:

 

Austria

  • ERSTE GROUP BANK AG
  • RAIFFEISEN ZENTRALBANK OESTERRREICH AG (RZB)

Belgium

  • KBC GROUP
  • DEXIA

Cyprus

  • MARFIN POPULAR BANK PUBLIC CO LTD
  • BANK OF CYPRUS PUBLIC CO LTD

Denmark

  • DANSKE BANK
  • JYSKE BANK A/S
  • SYDBANK A/S

Finland

  • OP-POHJOLA GROUP

France

  • BNP PARIBAS
  • CREDIT AGRICOLE
  • BPCE
  • SOCIETE GENERALE

Germany

  • DEUTSCHE BANK AG
  • COMMERZBANK AG
  • HYPO REAL ESTATE HOLDING AG
  • LANDESBANK BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG
  • BAYERISCHE LANDESBANK
  • DZ BANK AG DT. ZENTRAL-GENOSSENSCHAFTSBANK
  • NORDDEUTSCHE LANDESBANK -GZ-
  • DEUTSCHE POSTBANK AG
  • WESTLB AG
  • HSH NORDBANK AG
  • LANDESBANK HESSEN-THÜRINGEN GZ
  • LANDESBANK BERLIN AG
  • DEKABANK DEUTSCHE GIROZENTRALE
  • WGZ BANK AG WESTDT. GENO. ZENTRALBK

Greece

  • NATIONAL BANK OF GREECE
  • EFG EUROBANK ERGASIAS S.A.
  • ALPHA BANK
  • PIRAEUS BANK GROUP
  • AGRICULTURAL BANK OF GREECE S.A. (ATEbank)
  • TT HELLENIC POSTBANK S.A.

Hungary

  • OTP BANK NYRT.
  • JELZÁLOGBANK NYILVÁNOSAN M?KÖD? RT.

Ireland

  • BANK OF IRELAND
  • ALLIED IRISH BANKS PLC

Italy

  • UNICREDIT
  • INTESA SANPAOLO
  • MONTE DEI PASCHI DI SIENA
  • BANCO POPOLARE – S.C.
  • UNIONE DI BANCHE ITALIANE SCPA (UBI BANCA)

Luxembourg

  • BANQUE ET CAISSE D’EPARGNE DE L’ETAT
  • BANQUE RAIFFEISEN

Malta

  • BANK OF VALLETTA (BOV)

?Netherlands

  • ING Bank
  • RABOBANK GROUP
  • ABN/ FORTIS BANK NEDERLAND (HOLDING) N.V
  • SNS BANK

Poland

  • POWSZECHNA KASA OSZCZ?DNO?CI BANK POLSKI S.A. (PKO BANK POLSKI)

Portugal

  • CAIXA GERAL DE DEPÓSITOS
  • BANCO COMERCIAL PORTUGUÊS BANCO COMERCIAL PORTUGUÊSS.A. (BCP OR MILLENNIUM BCP)
  • ESPÍRITO SANTO FINANCIAL GROUP S.A. (ESFG)
  • BANCO BPI

Slovenia

  • NOVA LJUBLJANSKA BANKA (NLB)

Spain

  • BANCO SANTANDER S.A.
  • BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA S.A. (BBVA)
  • JUPITER –  CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD DE MADRID (CAJA MADRID); CAJA DE AHORROS DE VALENCIA, CASTELLÓN Y ALICANTE (BANCAJA); CAIXA DÉSTALVIS LAIETANA; CAJA INSULAR DE AHORROS DE CANARIAS; CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD DE AVILA; CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD DE SEGOVIA; CAJA DE AHORROS DE LA RIOJA.
  • CAIXA-  CAJA DE AHORROS Y PENSIONES DE BARCELONA (LA CAIXA); CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE GIRONA.
  • CAM –  CAJA DE AHORROS DEL MEDITERRÁNEO (CAM); CAJA DE AHORROS DE ASTURIAS; CAJA DE AHORROS DE SANTANDER Y CANTABRIA; CAJA DE AHORROSY MONTE DE PIEDAD DE EXTREMADURA.
  • BANCO POPULAR ESPAÑOL, S.A.
  • BANCO DE SABADELL, S.A.
  • DIADA –  CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE CATALUNYA; CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE TARRAGONA: CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE MANRESA.
  • BREOGAN – CAJA DE AHORROS DE GALICIA; CAIXA DE AFORROS DE VIGO, OURENSE E PONTEVEDRA (CAIXANOVA).
  • MARE NOSTRUM –  CAJA DE AHORROS DE MURCIA; CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DEL PENEDES; CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD DE LAS BALEARES (SA NOSTRA); CAJA GENERAL DE AHORROS DE GRANADA.
  • BANKINTER, S.A.
  • ESPIGA – CAJA DE AHORROS DE SALAMANCA Y SORIA (CAJA DUERO); CAJA DE ESPAÑA DEINVERSIONES CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD (CAJA ESPAÑA).
  • BANCA CIVICA, S.A.
  • CAJA DE AHORROS Y M.P. DE ZARAGOZA, ARAGON Y RIOJA
  • ANTEQUERA Y JAEN (UNICAJA)
  • BANCO PASTOR, S.A.
  • CAJA SOL –  MONTE DE PIEDAD Y CAJA DE AHORROS SAN FERNANDO DE HUELVA, JEREZ Y SEVILLA (CAJA SOL); CAJA DE AHORRO PROVINCIAL DE GUADALAJARA.
  • BILBAO BIZKAIA KUTXA,AURREZKI KUTXA ETA BAHITETXEA
  • UNNIM – CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE SABADELL; CAIXA DÉSTALVIS DE TERRASSA; CAIXA DÉSTALVIS COMARCAL DE MANLLEU.
  • CAJA DE AHORROS Y M.P. DE GIPUZKOA Y SAN SEBASTIAN
  • CAI –  CAJA DE AHORROS Y MONTE DE PIEDAD DEL CÍRCULO CATÓLICO DE OBREOS DEBURGOS (CAJA CÍRCULO); MONTE DE PIEDAD Y CAJA GENERAL DE AHORROS DE BADAJOZ; CAJA DE AHORROS DE LA INMACULADA DE ARAGÓN.
  • CAJA DE AHORROS Y M.P. DE CORDOBA
  • BANCA MARCH, S.A.
  • BANCO GUIPUZCOANO, S.A.
  • CAJA DE AHORROS DE VITORIA Y ALAVA
  • CAJA DE AHORROS Y M.P. DE ONTINYENT
  • COLONYA – CAIXA D’ESTALVIS DE POLLENSA

Sweden

  • NORDEA BANK
  • SKANDINAVISKA ENSKILDA BANKEN AB (SEB)
  • SVENSKA HANDELSBANKEN
  • SWEDBANK

?United Kingdom

  • ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND (RBS)
  • HSBC HOLDINGS PLC
  • BARCLAYS
  • LLOYDS BANKING GROUP